Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that in many cities around the world there are constant traffic jams.
How true do you think this statement is?
What measures can governments take to discourage people from owning cars?
( Band 9 | Double question essay| 10th January)
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Sample Answer 1
The past thirty years have witnessed a significant increase in car ownership worldwide, resulting in constant traffic jams in many cities. In my opinion, this statement is accurate since the number of cars on the roads has grown exponentially, leading to traffic congestion, air pollution, and other related problems. To address this issue, governments need to take measures to discourage people from owning cars and encourage the use of public transportation.
One of the main reasons for the increase in car ownership is the rise in personal income and standard of living. As people become wealthier, they are more likely to purchase cars for their convenience and comfort. For instance, in China, the number of cars has tripled in the past decade, mainly due to an increase in disposable income. Moreover, car manufacturers have made owning a car more affordable by offering flexible financing and low-interest rates, making it easier for people to buy cars.
Another cause of increased car ownership is the lack of
reliable public transportation systems in many cities. When public
transportation is limited or inefficient, people are more likely to rely on
cars for their daily commute, resulting in more traffic on the roads. For
example, in cities like Los Angeles and Mumbai, where public transportation
systems are insufficient, owning a car is a necessity for most people.
Governments can discourage people from owning cars by
implementing policies that promote public transportation and reduce the use of
private cars. For instance, they can invest in building reliable public
transportation systems such as buses, trains, and subways. In addition,
governments can impose higher taxes on car purchases, fuel, and parking fees,
making it more expensive to own a car. Furthermore, incentives such as tax
breaks or subsidies can be given to people who use public transportation.
In conclusion, the rapid increase in car ownership has led to traffic congestion, air pollution, and other related problems in many cities worldwide. The causes of this issue include rising personal income, limited public transportation, and easy access to car financing. To address this problem, governments need to take measures to promote public transportation and discourage private car use through policies such as higher taxes on car ownership and fuel, building reliable public transportation systems, and providing incentives for using public transportation.
(Hindi and Panjabi translation and vocabulary are given below)
Sample Answer 2
The world has witnessed a tremendous increase in car
ownership over the past few decades, leading to frequent traffic jams in many
cities worldwide. This essay will examine the validity of this statement, and
suggest some measures that governments can take to discourage car ownership.
One primary cause of the increase in car ownership is the rise in personal income. As people earn more money, they can afford to buy cars, and this has led to an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads. For example, in China, the rapid increase in the country's per capita income has contributed to a surge in car ownership, leading to severe traffic congestion in many cities.
Another contributing factor is the lack of alternative
transportation modes. In many cities, public transportation systems are
insufficient, and people have no other options but to own cars. This is
particularly evident in some suburban areas, where public transportation is
almost non-existent. As a result, people rely solely on private cars for
transportation, leading to traffic congestion.
Governments can implement various measures to discourage people from owning cars. One solution is to provide affordable and reliable public transportation systems, such as buses, subways, and trains. This will encourage people to use public transportation instead of relying on their cars. Additionally, governments can impose higher taxes on car ownership, making it more expensive to own a car. This will discourage people from buying cars, and the revenue generated from taxes can be used to improve public transportation systems.
In conclusion, car ownership has increased significantly over the past few decades, leading to frequent traffic jams in many cities worldwide. The rise in personal income and lack of alternative transportation modes are the primary causes of this problem. However, governments can implement measures such as providing affordable and reliable public transportation systems and imposing higher taxes on car ownership to discourage people from owning cars. By taking these steps, governments can reduce traffic congestion and make cities more livable.
(Hindi and Panjabi translation and vocabulary are given below)
Sample Answer 3
The ownership of cars has rapidly increased over the past
three decades leading to heavy traffic congestion in many cities worldwide.
This essay will explore the validity of this statement and suggest measures
that governments can take to discourage people from owning cars.
One of the reasons for the increase in car ownership is the
rise in disposable income of people. The ability to afford a car has become
easier, and this has led to more people purchasing cars. For instance, in
India, the number of cars sold increased from 2.5 million in 2012 to 4.2
million in 2019 due to a rise in disposable income. Consequently, this has led
to heavy traffic on roads.
Another cause of traffic congestion is urbanization. As
cities grow, more people are moving towards urban areas, leading to increased
traffic. For example, in Beijing, the number of cars on the road has increased
to more than five million due to urbanization, leading to traffic jams.
To discourage car ownership, governments can introduce
measures such as imposing heavy taxes on cars and implementing public
transportation systems. The revenue generated from these taxes can be used to
improve public transportation systems such as trains, buses, and subways, which
will encourage people to use them instead of their cars. Additionally,
governments can create bike lanes and promote cycling as an alternative mode of
transportation.
In conclusion, the rapid increase in car ownership has led to heavy traffic congestion in many cities worldwide. However, governments can take measures such as imposing heavy taxes on cars and improving public transportation systems to discourage people from owning cars. Promoting alternative modes of transportation such as cycling can also be helpful in reducing traffic congestion.
(Hindi and Panjabi translation and vocabulary are given below)
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Hindi translation by Google translate
pichhale tees varshon mein kaar ka svaamitv itanee tejee se badha hai ki duniya bhar ke kaee shaharon mein lagaataar traiphik jaam hota hai.
aapake anusaar yah kathan kitana saty hai?
logon ko kaar rakhane se hatotsaahit karane ke lie sarakaaren kya upaay kar sakatee hain?
Sample Answer 1
pichhale tees varshon mein duniya bhar mein kaar svaamitv mein ullekhaneey vrddhi dekhee gaee hai, jisake parinaamasvaroop kaee shaharon mein lagaataar traiphik jaam ho gaya hai. meree raay mein, yah kathan sateek hai kyonki sadakon par kaaron kee sankhya tejee se badhee hai, jisase yaataayaat kee bheed, vaayu pradooshan aur any sambandhit samasyaen ho rahee hain. is mudde ko hal karane ke lie, sarakaaron ko logon ko kaar rakhane se hatotsaahit karane aur saarvajanik parivahan ke upayog ko protsaahit karane ke upaay karane kee aavashyakata hai.
kaar svaamitv mein vrddhi ka ek mukhy kaaran vyaktigat aay aur jeevan star mein vrddhi hai. jaise-jaise log ameer hote jaate hain, ve apanee suvidha aur aaraam ke lie kaar khareedane kee adhik sambhaavana rakhate hain. udaaharan ke lie, cheen mein, pichhale ek dashak mein kaaron kee sankhya teen guna ho gaee hai, mukhy roop se prayojy aay mein vrddhi ke kaaran. isake alaava, kaar nirmaataon ne lacheela vittaposhan aur kam byaaj daron kee peshakash karake kaar ke maalik hone ko aur adhik kiphaayatee bana diya hai, jisase logon ke lie kaar khareedana aasaan ho gaya hai.
kaar svaamitv mein vrddhi ka ek any kaaran kaee shaharon mein vishvasaneey saarvajanik parivahan pranaaliyon kee kamee hai. jab saarvajanik parivahan seemit ya aksham hota hai, to log apane dainik aavaagaman ke lie kaaron par nirbhar hone kee adhik sambhaavana rakhate hain, jisake parinaamasvaroop sadakon par adhik yaataayaat hota hai. udaaharan ke lie, los enjils aur mumbee jaise shaharon mein, jahaan saarvajanik parivahan pranaalee aparyaapt hain, adhikaansh logon ke lie kaar ka maalik hona ek aavashyakata hai.
saarvajanik parivahan ko badhaava dene aur nijee kaaron ke upayog ko kam karane vaalee neetiyon ko laagoo karake sarakaaren logon ko kaaron ke maalik hone se hatotsaahit kar sakatee hain. udaaharan ke lie, ve vishvasaneey saarvajanik parivahan pranaalee jaise bason, trenon aur sabave ke nirmaan mein nivesh kar sakate hain. isake alaava, sarakaar kaar khareed, eendhan aur paarking shulk par uchch kar laga sakatee hai, jisase kaar ka maalik hona aur mahanga ho jaata hai. isake alaava, saarvajanik parivahan ka upayog karane vaale logon ko taiks brek ya sabsidee jaise protsaahan die ja sakate hain.
ant mein, kaar svaamitv mein tejee se vrddhi ne duniya bhar ke kaee shaharon mein yaataayaat kee bheed, vaayu pradooshan aur any sambandhit samasyaon ko janm diya hai. is mudde ke kaaranon mein badhatee vyaktigat aay, seemit saarvajanik parivahan aur kaar vittaposhan tak aasaan pahunch shaamil hai. is samasya ka samaadhaan karane ke lie, sarakaaron ko saarvajanik parivahan ko badhaava dene aur kaar svaamitv aur eendhan par uchch karon, vishvasaneey saarvajanik parivahan pranaaliyon ke nirmaan aur saarvajanik parivahan ka upayog karane ke lie protsaahan pradaan karane jaisee neetiyon ke maadhyam se nijee kaar ke upayog ko hatotsaahit karane ke upaay karane kee aavashyakata hai.
Sample Answer 2
duniya ne pichhale kuchh dashakon mein kaar svaamitv mein jabaradast vrddhi dekhee hai, jisase duniya bhar ke kaee shaharon mein lagaataar traiphik jaam ho gaya hai. yah nibandh is kathan kee vaidhata kee jaanch karega, aur kuchh upaayon ka sujhaav dega jo sarakaaren kaar svaamitv ko hatotsaahit karane ke lie apana sakatee hain.
kaar svaamitv mein vrddhi ka ek praathamik kaaran vyaktigat aay mein vrddhi hai. jaise-jaise log adhik paisa kamaate hain, ve kaar khareedane ka kharch utha sakate hain aur isase sadakon par vaahanon kee sankhya mein vrddhi huee hai. udaaharan ke lie, cheen mein, desh kee prati vyakti aay mein tejee se vrddhi ne kaar svaamitv mein vrddhi mein yogadaan diya hai, jisase kaee shaharon mein gambheer yaataayaat jaam ho gaya hai.
ek any yogadaan kaarak vaikalpik parivahan saadhanon kee kamee hai. kaee shaharon mein, saarvajanik parivahan pranaalee aparyaapt hain, aur logon ke paas kaar rakhane ke alaava aur koee vikalp nahin hai. yah kuchh upanagareey kshetron mein vishesh roop se spasht hai, jahaan saarvajanik parivahan lagabhag na ke baraabar hai. nateejatan, log parivahan ke lie pooree tarah se nijee kaaron par nirbhar hain, jisase yaataayaat jaam ho jaata hai.
sarakaaren logon ko kaar rakhane se hatotsaahit karane ke lie vibhinn upaayon ko laagoo kar sakatee hain. ek samaadhaan sastee aur vishvasaneey saarvajanik parivahan pranaalee, jaise ki basen, sabave aur trenen pradaan karana hai. yah logon ko apanee kaaron par nirbhar rahane ke bajaay saarvajanik parivahan ka upayog karane ke lie protsaahit karega. isake atirikt, sarakaaren kaar ke svaamitv par uchch kar laga sakatee hain, jisase kaar ka maalik hona adhik mahanga ho jaata hai. yah logon ko kaar khareedane se hatotsaahit karega, aur karon se utpann raajasv ka upayog saarvajanik parivahan pranaaliyon mein sudhaar ke lie kiya ja sakata hai.
ant mein, pichhale kuchh dashakon mein kaar svaamitv mein kaaphee vrddhi huee hai, jisase duniya bhar ke kaee shaharon mein lagaataar traiphik jaam ho gaya hai. vyaktigat aay mein vrddhi aur vaikalpik parivahan saadhanon kee kamee is samasya ke praathamik kaaran hain. haalaanki, sarakaar logon ko kaar rakhane se hatotsaahit karane ke lie sastee aur vishvasaneey saarvajanik parivahan pranaalee pradaan karane aur kaar ke svaamitv par uchch kar lagaane jaise upaayon ko laagoo kar sakatee hai. in kadamon ko uthaakar sarakaaren yaataayaat kee bheed ko kam kar sakatee hain aur shaharon ko rahane yogy bana sakatee hain.
Sample Answer 3
Vocabulary:
Sample Answer 1
Exponentially: a term used to describe something that
increases at an increasingly faster rate.
Financing: the
process of providing funds for a project or purchase.
Disposable income: the amount of money that a person has
left over after paying taxes and other necessary expenses.
Insufficient: not enough; inadequate.
Policies: a set of guidelines or rules that are put in place
to regulate a particular issue or situation.
Incentives: something that motivates or encourages a
particular action or behavior.
Subsidies: financial support or assistance provided by a government or organization to help reduce the cost of a particular product or service.
Sample Answer 2Tremendous: extremely large or great.
Surge: a sudden and great increase.
Insufficient: not enough or inadequate.
Non-existent: not present or does not exist.
Discourage: to persuade someone not to do something.
Imposing: forcing someone to accept or put up with
something.
Livable: suitable or good enough to live in.
Sample Answer 3Disposable income: The amount of money left after paying for
essential expenses.
Urbanization: The process of people moving from rural areas
to urban areas.
Revenue: Income generated from taxes or other sources.
Alternative modes of transportation: Different ways of
traveling such as cycling or public transportation.
Congestion: Traffic jam or the state of being crowded.
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